Eczema: A Simple Guide for Patients
What Is Eczema?
Eczema is a long-term skin condition that causes the skin to become dry, itchy, red, and sometimes cracked. It is not contagious, so it cannot be passed from person to person.
Common Symptoms
- Dry, rough, or flaky skin
- Red or inflamed patches
- Itching (can be intense)
- Cracked skin or bleeding
- Small blisters that may ooze
Eczema can appear anywhere but is most common on the hands, face, elbows, and knees.
What Causes Eczema?
There is no single cause, but it can be triggered by a combination of factors:
Genetics – More common in people with a family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever
Allergens – Dust mites, pollen, pet fur, and certain foods
Irritants – Soaps, detergents, and rough fabrics like wool
Weather – Cold, dry air or hot, humid conditions
Stress – Emotional stress can make symptoms worse
Treatments We May Offer
1. Emollients (Moisturizer) for Skin- Emollients Should be used multiple times daily as first-line and continued even when the skin looks clear.
Zerobase, Cetraben, Epaderm ,Hydromol, Dermol– help keep the skin soft and moisturised. Can come in cream/ointment/lotion. These are available on NHS
2.Steroid Creams for Inflammation-
Hydrocortisone 1% (mild) for Face, children, mild flares
Eumovate, Betnovate, Dermovate (stronger options for moderate to severe flare-ups) for Trunk, limbs
Application Advice:
Gently apply a thin layer just to the areas that need it
Apply after emollient (wait 15–30 mins if possible).
Follow finger-tip unit (FTU) guidance -1 FTU is the amount of cream or ointment squeezed from the tip of an adult finger to the first crease (about 2.5 cm). 1 FTU covers 2 palm-sized areas
3.Other Treatment Support
Soap substitutes: Use emollient creams for washing (e.g. Epaderm, Dermol).
Antibiotics: Only if secondary bacterial infection is suspected
Antihistamines: Can reduce itch, particularly at night
Lifestyle Tips
Take short, lukewarm showers
Pat your skin dry — avoid rubbing
Moisturise immediately after washing
Wear soft clothing (avoid wool or synthetics)
Manage stress to reduce flare-ups
Keep fingernails short and clean
When to See Your GP
Book an appointment if:
Your eczema is getting worse despite treatment
You suspect infection (yellow crusting, pus, increased redness/pain)
Your sleep or daily life is being affected.
Please click on the link below for more information:
Welcome to the Nottingham Support Group for Carers of Children with Eczema website